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Neurology:脑室出血后的CSF炎症反应

2017-11-14 杨中华 脑血管病及重症文献导读

脑室出血(IVH)常导致死亡和不良功能预后。动物实验和临床研究显示CSF炎症反应与IVH有关,表现为细胞数、蛋白和糖的变化。这种变化的预期时间过程和它与出血量大小的关系尚不清楚,在细菌感染的情况下也不清楚IVH对CSF炎症判断的影响。当脑室内注入溶栓剂以加速清除IVH时,这种治疗方法对炎症反应的作用也存在矛盾的报道。


脑室出血(IVH)常导致死亡和不良功能预后。动物实验和临床研究显示CSF炎症反应与IVH有关,表现为细胞数、蛋白和糖的变化。这种变化的预期时间过程和它与出血量大小的关系尚不清楚,在细菌感染的情况下也不清楚IVH对CSF炎症判断的影响。当脑室内注入溶栓剂以加速清除IVH时,这种治疗方法对炎症反应的作用也存在矛盾的报道。

最近发表的CLEAR III是目前最大型前瞻性IVH的临床试验,为研究CSF炎症反应的经典检测方法提供了独一无二的机会。2017年10月来自芝加哥医科大学的Maged D. Fam等利用CLEAR III的数据在Neurology上公布了他们的研究结果,他们推测脑室内CSF细胞计数和蛋白以及糖的水平能够反映IVH后数天内的炎症反应,发病时出血量越大炎症反应越强烈,炎症反应可能与溶栓治疗、IVH清除率或细菌感染有关。另外作者还验乞了CSF炎症反应对死亡和功能预后的影响。

为了消除循环血对结果的影响,作者采用了矫治白细胞(cWBC)和细胞指数(Cell index,CI):

cWBC = 观察到的WBC - 预计的WBC 

CI = 观察到的WBC/预计的WBC

观察到的WBC = CSF中的白细胞,预计的WBC = CSF RBC * 外周血WBC * 10e3/外周RBC * 10e6。负值cWBC(观察到的WBC<预计的WBC)代表无或弱炎症反应,按0计算。CI>1提示CSF中WBC高于外周血WBC,<1相反。

464例患者共分析了11376个数据点。在IVH清除过程中,CSF炎症反应的各项参数升高。IVH超过20ml时,这个现象更加明显。与生理盐水相比,脑室内注入阿替普酶患者的炎症反应更加明显,即使矫正了最初的IVH体积后。CSF炎症的各项参数与CSF细菌培养阳性有关,但是不具备预测性。调整疾病炎症程度后,CSF炎性参数,包括炎症反应上四分位者,对30天或180天功能预后和死亡都没有产生不利显著影响。

最终作者认为IVH后无菌性CSF炎症主要与最初的出血量有关。溶栓药物加剧炎症反应,但是对预后没有产生不利后果。

该研究发现这种无菌性炎症可以表现为cWBC、CI升高,糖降低,以及CSF蛋白升高。IVH清除越快炎症反应越明显,主要是指未矫治WBC。这可能与血凝块中捕获的白细胞释放有关,或血凝块降解产物的促炎症作用有关。该研究显示炎症反应对预后没有影响,但是血液清除越快以及使用溶栓剂加剧炎症反应,提示炎症反应对预后的不良作用被血液清除速度和使用溶栓剂抵消了。所以,使用激素或非甾体抗炎药也许是有益的。目前尚无炎性指标能够预测IVH感染,因此诊断感染时频繁进行CSF培养是无法替代的,特别是CSF中细胞数增多或糖降低的患者。

原始出处:

Fam MD, Zeineddine HA, Eliyas JK, Stadnik A, et al.CSF inflammatory response after intraventricular hemorrhage.Neurology. 2017 Oct 10;89(15):1553-1560. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000004493. Epub 2017 Sep 8.

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    2018-05-20 yinhl1978
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    2018-06-06 kcb078
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    2017-11-16 tastas
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    2017-11-15 飛歌

    学习了很有用不错

    0

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