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Am Clin Nutrition: 亚麻荠油对患有代谢综合征的原发性高血压患者血管功能的影响

2022-03-17 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

代谢综合征病因尚未明确,目前认为是多基因和多种环境相互作用的结果,与遗传、免疫等均有密切关系。

代谢综合征是指人体的蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物等物质发生代谢紊乱的病理状态,是一组复杂的代谢紊乱症候群,是导致糖尿病心脑血管疾病的危险因素。代谢综合征在原发性高血压患者中非常普遍。典型的西方饮食与饱和脂肪的摄入量增加有关,同时相对于n-6脂肪酸的消耗量也很高。过量的n-6脂肪酸会引起促炎症代谢物,同时减少n-3脂肪酸向心血管保护介质的转化。越来越多的研究表明,n-3长链多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFAs),即二十碳五烯酸(EPA;20:5 n-3)和二十二碳六烯酸(DHA;22:6 n-3)对人类健康产生了有益的影响。因此,富含n-3脂肪酸的α-亚麻酸(ALA;18:3 n-3)的植物油已被美国FDA批准,并越来越多地被用于饮食中。由于其ALA含量高,荠菜油经常被用作膳食补充剂。本研究旨在评估亚麻荠油对患有代谢综合征的高血压患者的心血管和代谢作用。

这是一项双盲、安慰剂对照的随机研究,患有代谢综合征的原发性高血压患者在 6 个月内接受了含有≈1.5 g ALA/d ( n =40) 的亚麻荠油治疗或等热量安慰剂治疗 ( n= 41)。然后研究人员测量了血浆脂质、血糖、胰岛素血症、肌酐血症、高敏 C 反应蛋白以及红细胞膜中的 n-3、n-6和n-9脂肪酸水平。然后评估了外周和中心血压、动脉僵硬度、颈动脉内膜中层厚度和肱动脉内皮依赖性血流介导扩张 (FMD) 和内皮非依赖性扩张情况。

 

研究人员发现与安慰剂相比,亚麻荠油增加了ALA水平(0±0.04 VS 0.08±0.06%,P<0.001),其代谢产物 EPA(0±0.5 VS 0.16±0.65%,P<0.05)和n-9脂肪酸(GA;0±0.04 VS 0.08±0.04%,P<0.001),但是心血管参数未观察到组间差异。然而,肱动脉内皮依赖性血流介导扩张的变化与 EPA 的变化幅度相关(r = 0.26,P= 0.03)。与安慰剂相比,亚麻荠油能增加空腹血糖(–0.2±0.6 VS 0.3±0.5 mmol/L,P<0.001)和 HOMA-IR 指数(–0.8±2.5 VS 0.5±0.9,P <0.01),同时亚麻荠油不影响血浆脂质或炎症和氧化应激标志物。

 

本项研究证实用亚麻荠油补充 ALA 并不能改善血管功能,但会对患有代谢综合征的高血压患者的葡萄糖代谢产生不利影响。这种对胰岛素敏感性的不利影响是否与n-9脂肪酸富集有关,仍有待阐明。

原始出处:

Jeremy Bellien. Et al. The effect of camelina oil on vascular function in essential hypertensive patients with metabolic syndrome: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition.2022.

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