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Lancet:父母所受教育程度越高,其所生儿童在5岁以下的死亡率越低

2022-08-22 iNature iNature

结果表明,即使在控制了家庭社会经济地位的其他情形之后,接受较低教育的母亲和父亲都是儿童死亡率的危险因素,这项研究为普及优质教育提供了强有力的证据。

几十年来,教育和儿童生存一直是国际发展议程的核心, 然而,国家内部和国家之间仍然存在教育程度的巨大不平等,儿童死亡率的巨大不平等也是如此。尽管几十年在记录与教育相关的儿童存活率差异的报告中,迄今为止还没有任何研究试图在全球范围内系统地量化父母教育对 5 岁以下儿童死亡率的影响。因此,了解增加父母教育如何降低儿童死亡率并消除国内和国家间儿童死亡率的不平等,对于解决健康方面的社会不平等和实现可持续发展目标 (SDG) 至关重要。

通过由社会经济地位和生活条件等其他健康决定因素介导的直接和间接影响,父母教育与儿童健康和预期寿命的持久改善相关联。尤其是接受过较高教育的孕产妇与较低的儿童死亡率有关。Lohela 及其同事报告说,在 72 个低收入和中等收入国家,与受教育程度最低的母亲相比,受教育程度最高的母亲的早期新生儿死亡率较低。

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与父亲教育相比,母亲教育通常被证明与儿童死亡率有更强的相关性,尽管证据不一。虽然父亲教育与死产率降低和儿童存活率增加有关,但在全球范围内,父亲教育的影响严重缺乏研究。缺乏对父亲教育的关注可能意味着错失了确定有助于降低 5 岁以下儿童死亡率和缩小健康不平等的机制的机会。

为了阐明孕产妇教育对 5 岁以下儿童死亡率的影响程度,已经提出了因果关系的证据。事实上,正规教育被认为是一种所谓的社会疫苗。然而,研究方法、人群,并且研究设计一直不一致,通常使用平均或社区级别的教育和死亡率数据。研究方法的这种巨大变化使得在不同背景下进行比较并系统地解释跨空间或时间效应大小的潜在变化变得具有挑战性。

在这项研究中,旨在调查父母教育是否以及在多大程度上是全球范围内新生儿、婴儿和 5 岁以下儿童全因死亡率的危险因素。该研究发现,母亲和父亲教育的增加均显示出与 5 岁以下儿童死亡率降低相关的剂量反应关系,其中母亲教育成为更强的预测因素。该研究观察到,与父母没有受过教育的孩子相比,受过 12 年教育(即完成中等教育)的母亲所生儿童的 5 岁以下儿童死亡率降低了 31·0% 受过 12 年教育(即完成中等教育)的父亲所生儿童的 5 岁以下儿童死亡率降低了17·3%。平均而言,多接受一年教育的孕产妇可以使 5 岁以下儿童死亡率降低 3·04% ,而父亲是 1·57%。较高的父母教育程度与较低的儿童死亡率之间的关联对于研究的所有年龄段的父母双方都很重要,并且在出生后的第一个月后最大。

总之,这项研究是首次在全球范围内系统地量化教育对儿童生存的跨代存活情况。结果表明,即使在控制了家庭社会经济地位的其他情形之后,接受较低教育的母亲和父亲都是儿童死亡率的危险因素,这项研究为普及优质教育提供了强有力的证据。

参考消息:

https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(21)00534-1/fulltext

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    2022-10-27 howi
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    2022-08-22 younei

    lancet上果然牛,感谢梅斯更新及时

    0

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    2022-08-22 ms6000001554670740

    已学习

    0

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