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ASCO 2014:ADT+多西他赛延长转移性前列腺癌总生存期(OS)

2014-06-02 MedSci MedSci原创

2014年美国临床肿瘤学会年会已于当地时间5月30日-6月3日在芝加哥成功举行。会议期间公布了一些非常重要的临床试验的结果,其中“Plenary Session”的四项研究最受关注和期待。下面和大家分享其中一项来自美国东部肿瘤协作组(ECOG)的III期随机试验:激素化疗和激素治疗对激素敏感的、初诊转移性前列腺癌患者的总生存期的影响。 多西他赛可以延长去势治疗后发生进展的转移性前列腺癌患者的总生

2014年美国临床肿瘤学会年会已于当地时间5月30日-6月3日在芝加哥成功举行。会议期间公布了一些非常重要的临床试验的结果,其中“Plenary Session”的四项研究最受关注和期待。下面和大家分享其中一项来自美国东部肿瘤协作组(ECOG)的III期随机试验:激素化疗和激素治疗对激素敏感的、初诊转移性前列腺癌患者的总生存期的影响。

多西他赛可以延长去势治疗后发生进展的转移性前列腺癌患者的总生存期。我们打算评估预先激素化疗对转移性前列腺癌患者的疗效。

Christopher Sweeney教授在全体大会上进行报告

将患者按1:1的比例随机分配到单纯去势治疗组或去势治疗+多西他赛组(多西他赛的剂量为75mg/m2,3周一疗程,开始去势治疗后的4个月内进行6个疗程)。我们按以下因素对患者进行分层:高容量和低容量疾病(高容量疾病指内脏转移和/或发生4处以上骨转移);抗雄激素治疗超过30天;年龄大于70岁或小于70岁;ECOG体能评分0-1或2;以前辅助去势治疗大于12个月或小于等于12个月;美国食品及药物管理局审批通过用于延迟骨相关不良事件的药物。主要合格标准:适当的器官和神经功能(多西他赛);辅助去势治疗小于等于24个月,辅助去势治疗12个月内无进展。主要试验终点是总生存期,该研究的评价标准为总生存期的中位数提高33.3%(单侧α=2.5%)。预计单纯去势治疗组患者的总生存期的中位数:高容量组33个月,低容量组67个月。

结果显示,自2006年7月28日至2012年11月21日,共有790位患者纳入研究,其中单纯去势治疗组393人,去势治疗+多西他赛组397人,两组的人口、分层和疾病因素都基本相同。年龄的中位数为63岁,范围36-91岁;98%的患者ECOG体能评分为0或1;89%的患者为白种人,24%的患者以前经历过放疗,24%的人以前进行过前列腺切除术,单纯去势治疗组中高容量患者占64%,去势治疗+多西他赛组占67%。

在2013年9月第4次中期分析以后公布了数据,O’Brien Fleming上限超过了53.1%。该报告反映了2014年1月16日的数据,随访时间的中位数为29个月,单纯去势治疗组137位患者死亡,去势治疗+多西他赛组104位患者死亡。去势治疗+多西他赛组:3或4级中性粒细胞减少伴发热的发生率分别为4%/2%,3级感觉和运动神经病变的发生率均为1%,1例治疗相关性死亡(没有因为去势治疗死亡的病例)。有效数据见下表。疾病进展后,单纯去势治疗组123位患者和去势治疗+多西他赛组45位患者应用了多西他赛治疗。

Intent to treat analysis ADT ADT + D P value Hazard ratio (95%CI*)
PSA < 0.2 at 12 mos 9.4% 19.7% <0.0001
Median OS (mos)
N=790 
N=520-HV 
N=270-LV
42.3 
32.2 
NR**
52.7 
49.2 
NR
0.0006 
0.0012 
0.0836
0.63 (0.48, 0.82) 
0.62 (0.46, 0.83) 
0.58 (0.31, 1.08)

* CI: confidence intervals; **NR: not reached.

结论:与单纯去势治疗相比,去势治疗+多西他赛治疗可以延长高容量转移性前列腺癌患者的总生存期。对于低容量的转移性前列腺癌患者还需要进行长期的随访。

作者观点

“自从20世纪50年代以来,激素治疗一直是前列腺癌的标准治疗方案,”研究的主要作者Christopher Sweeney教授(MA,波士顿Dana-Farbe癌症研究所泌尿生殖系统肿瘤中心的肿瘤学家)。”“这是第一项给新近确诊的转移性前列腺癌确定一种延长生存期的策略的研究。这种获益是巨大的,同时保证这种方案会成为有大范围疾病并适合化疗的男性的一种新标准治疗方案。”

雄性激素促进前列腺癌生长。激素治疗——也称为去势治疗(ADT)——是对激素敏感性前列腺癌的标准一线方案。虽然ADT是有效的,但是在大多数患者中,该疾病最终会对这种方案产生耐受性。在美国,每年约30000名患者死于激素抗性前列腺癌。尽管是ADT,化疗也通常是仅在疾病进展后开始。

这种新的治疗模式需要尽早,多学科治疗包括泌尿学家和肿瘤学家的合作,这些专家通常有治疗前列腺癌患者经历,Sweeney教授说。患者的随访期将会继续以评估这些低范围疾病患者的生存获益。来自该项研究的生活质量数据将在稍后给以分析和报告。

ASCO观点

“这些研究结果表明我们该如何使用“老工具”在新方面,更多有效的方法可以用来提高和延长患者生命,”ASCO主席Clifford A. Hudis教授说。“该项研究也是国家癌症研究所领导研究重要性的一个有力见证,由于这些药物现在在普通形式下可获得,否则该项研究可能不会继续下去。”

摘要原文

Impact on overall survival (OS) with chemohormonal therapy versus hormonal therapy for hormone-sensitive newly metastatic prostate cancer (mPrCa): An ECOG-led phase III randomized trial.(Abstract #LBA2

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