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JAMA Netw Open:中国儿童早期疑似发育协调障碍与出生时胎龄的关系

2021-12-27 从医路漫漫 MedSci原创

发展性协调障碍(development coordination disorder, DCD)是一种以运动协调能力显著受损为特征的疾病,通常会导致持续的、严重的日常活动困难,包括平衡或手工技能。

背景:发展性协调障碍(development coordination disorder, DCD)是一种以运动协调能力显著受损为特征的疾病,通常会导致持续的、严重的日常活动困难,包括平衡或手工技能。全世界5-11岁儿童的DCD患病率估计为5%至6%,在中国的患病率更高(8.3%)。然而,由于正常运动发育的巨大变异性,一般不建议在5岁之前诊断DCD。对DCD风险因素的研究表明,产前和围产期的影响可能与后来的损害发展有关。早产儿大脑发育不佳的风险明显更高,DCD的风险随着胎龄的降低而增加。早产儿(<32周)被发现患DCD的风险更高。几乎一半的早产儿(<37周)会出现轻度和中度的运动障碍。然而,尽管有报道称,晚期早产儿(34-36周)发生DCD的风险更高。然而,很少有研究探讨晚早产与学龄前或学龄儿童出生一年后的DCD之间的联系。文献中似乎有不一致之处,有研究表明,出生健康的晚期早产儿在整个童年时期的认知、运动能力、行为或社会情绪发育似乎没有延迟,而其他研究报告了晚期早产儿和足月儿在神经发育方面的显著差异。目前尚不清楚不同程度的早产儿、早产儿和足月后期出生的儿童是否比完全足月(39-40周)出生的儿童患发育协调障碍(DCD)的风险更高。

目的:以全国有代表性的样本为基础,对不同胎龄儿童的DCD疑似病例进行鉴别。

设计、设置:PARTICIPANTSA回顾性队列研究于2018年4月1日至2019年12月31日在中国进行。这项研究只包括主流学校和托儿所。有严重视力、听力、智力障碍(根据入园前检查)或其他严重发育障碍的儿童,按当地规定必须上特殊教育学校或托儿所的,不包括在内。中国551个城市的2403所公办幼儿园的152 433名3~5岁幼儿最终纳入分析。

主要结果和测量:儿童的运动能力采用由其父母填写的“小发育协调障碍问卷”进行评估。胎龄根据母亲的病历分为7组:足月足月(孕39~40周)、极早产(<32周)、中度早产(32~33周)、晚早产(34~36周)、早产(37~38周)、晚产(41周)、后足月(>41周)。

结果:共调查152 433名3~5岁(平均4.5[0.8]岁)儿童,其中男80370名(52.7%),女72063名(47.3%)。3岁45052人(29.6%),4岁59796人(39.2%),5岁47585人(31.2%)。极早产儿(OR,1.35;95%CI,1.23-1.48)、中度早产儿(OR,1.18;95%CI,1.02-1.36)、晚期早产儿(OR,1.24;95%CI,1.16-1.32)、早产儿(OR,1.11;95%CI,1.06-1.16)和早产儿(OR,1.17;(95%CI,1.07~1.27)在调整了相同的特征后,更有可能被归入小发育协调障碍问卷上疑似DCD的类别,而不是完全正常的足月儿。此外,通过分层分析,在较小(3岁)的早产儿和晚产儿中,与可疑的DCD诊断无关。

表1 学龄前儿童胎龄与疑似DCD之间的关系(N = 152 433)

图1  按性别和年龄对儿童、家庭特征和母亲健康进行调整时,妊娠年龄与学龄前儿童疑似发育协调障碍风险的关系(N = 152 433)

结论:在这项队列研究中,与足月出生相比,每一种程度的早产、早产和产后都与疑似DCD有关。这些发现对于理解不同胎龄儿童的运动发育具有重要意义。应考虑对早产和产后出生的儿童进行长期随访和康复干预

原文出处:

 Hua J,  Barnett AL,  Williams GJ,et al.Association of Gestational Age at Birth With Subsequent Suspected Developmental Coordination Disorder in Early Childhood in China.JAMA Netw Open 2021 Dec 01;4(12)

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    2022-07-19 canlab
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    2021-12-27 小小小小医生

    儿童健康最重要

    0

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    2021-12-27 145c2665m10暂无昵称

    棒棒哒

    0

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    2022-10-18 feather89
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    2021-12-20 neurowu

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