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JOCM:Panbio新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)患者抗原快速检测装置的评价

2022-02-04 从医路漫漫 MedSci原创

世卫组织于2020年3月11日宣布2019冠状病毒病(COVID-19)为大流行,需要及早诊断,以优化患者管理并限制进一步传播。

   世卫组织于2020年3月11日宣布2019冠状病毒病(COVID-19)为大流行,需要及早诊断,以优化患者管理并限制进一步传播。目前,临床微生物实验室的金标准和最常用的诊断方法是实时PCR (RT-PCR)检测鼻咽标本中的病毒RNA(2)。然而,RT-PCR需要专门的仪器和人员。相比之下,被广泛用于诊断COVID-19以外的病毒性疾病的快速抗原(Ag)检测(RAD)不仅快速(15 ~ 30分钟),而且不费力,只需相对较短的训练时间。然而,迄今为止,已经对若干商业化的RAD试验进行了评估,大多数试验表明缺乏敏感性。

   在本研究中,我们将Panbio COVID-19 Ag快速检测装置(Abbott)与VitaPCR严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2型(SARS-CoV-2)检测方法(Credo Diagnostics, Singapore)对鼻咽标本的性能进行了比较。两种系统都在20分钟内提供结果。前者是一种免疫层析法,检测SARS-CoV-2核衣壳蛋白,不需要专门的仪器。该设备在除美国以外的世界各地都有销售,在美国,其同等产品BinaxNOW COVID-19 Ag卡(雅培)已获得FDA批准。如前所述,使用Vero E6细胞培养的SARS-CoV-2 (IHUMI3株)定量悬液10倍稀释,从780-106拷贝/毫升,稀释10-1到1484拷贝/毫升,稀释10-6,我们发现RT-PCR检测对所有检测的病毒稀释液均呈阳性,最浓(10-1)和最稀(10-6)溶液的循环阈值(CT)值分别为16和34。相比之下,RAD测试除10-5和10 -6。该评价的两个进一步重复证实了这两种方法的结果。然后,我们从2020年9月21日至10月2日对341名来我所进行COVID-19检测的患者和受试者的鼻咽样本进行了前瞻性检测。其中182例为有症状患者,159例为无症状接触者。根据所使用的化验方法,用特定的拭子从每个患者的一个鼻孔收集两个鼻咽样本。所有试验均在标本采集后1 h内进行。182例有症状患者均PCR阳性,159例无症状患者中仅有22例PCR阳性(CT中位值分别为25和30.5,P =10 -2,表1),共204个PCR阳性。Panbio COVID-19 Ag快速检测204份pcr阳性样本中检测出154份(灵敏度75.5%;95%可信区间[95% CI], 69.5 - 81.5),包括144/182例有症状患者(79.1%),但只有10/22例无症状患者(45.4%)。而137份PCR阴性标本中有7份检测结果为阳性(特异性94.9%;95%可信区间,91.2 ~ 98.6)。在被诊断的个体中(n=204)或未诊断(n =137例,阳性预测值为95.6%(154/161),阴性预测值为72.2%(130/180)。

   我们承认这样一个事实,即我们的研究人群可能不能代表马赛的总体人口,因为有症状的患者也来自法国南部的其他城市,因此比例过高。然而,我们的研究表明,PANBIO新冠肺炎Ag快速检测鼻咽拭子中的SARS-CoV2具有良好的特异性,但仅对CT值低于25(对应于病毒载量高于106copy/ml,已被建议为传染性阈值的样本具有良好的敏感性。在我们的研究中,所有10名无症状患者以及57/144名有症状患者的CT值均为25。在这一人群中, Panbio 新冠肺炎抗原快速检测可能会漏掉大约40%的诊断。然而,由于RAD检测的临床性能在很大程度上取决于它们的使用环境,我们相信,当RTPCR检测不能或不够有效时,尤其是在有症状的患者中,Panbio新冠肺炎Ag快速检测可能是一种有用的大规模筛查测试。

表1 Panbio COVID-19 Ag快速检测(Abbott)根据CT值的敏感性

原文出处:Florence Fenollar,Amar Bouam,Mehdi Ballouche,et al.Evaluation of the Panbio COVID-19 Rapid Antigen Detection Test Device for the Screening of Patients with COVID-19.Journal of Clinical Microbiology,February 2021 Volume 59 Issue 2 e02589-20

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    2022-03-03 sunylz
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    2022-02-12 妙医生

    学习了

    0

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    2022-02-06 huagfeg
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