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Neurocrit Care:被误诊为GBS的脑梗死

2018-08-02 杨中华 脑血管病及重症文献导读

脊髓前动脉(Anterior spinal artery,ASA)闭塞引起的双侧延髓锥体(bilateral medullary pyramidal,BMP)梗死是一种罕见的卒中类型,预后极差。

脊髓前动脉(Anterior spinal artery,ASA)闭塞引起的双侧延髓锥体(bilateral medullary pyramidal,BMP)梗死是一种罕见的卒中类型,预后极差。

2018年6月来自田纳西大学医学中心的Sammy Searcy等在Neurocrit Care上报道了两例表现为急性下运动神经元损害的BMP梗死患者,这非常容易误诊为Guillain–Barre综合症、重症肌无力、食物中毒、蜱性麻痹和脑干脑炎。另外作者还发现ASA变异,起源于单纯椎动脉会增加BMP的风险。

病例1:

57岁男性,进食后2h突发呕吐和腹泻。当地医生怀疑食物中毒。体检发现双侧球麻痹和四肢软瘫,眼球运动、光反应和感觉正常。迅速发展为呼吸衰竭,气管插管和呼吸机通气。临床怀疑肉毒素中毒,给予抗毒素治疗无效。为了排除GBS,进行了腰穿检查。脑脊液清亮,细胞数0,糖和蛋白正常。因为怀疑GBS,经验性给予免疫球蛋白输注5天。此时未进行电生理相关检查。

由于治疗无效,发病1周患者转院到作者的医院。查体发现患者呈现闭锁样状态,清醒,通过眨眼能够简单交流。瞳孔4mm,光反应正常。双眼水平侧视时可见凝视性水平眼震(horizontal end-gaze nystagmus),垂直运动和其他眼球运动功能正常。双侧听力正常。双侧面部无力,IX、X、XI和XII颅神经麻痹。鉴于患者肉毒素中毒(比如未累及瞳孔)和GBS(比如感觉正常以及IBD%E8%AF%8A%E6%B2%BB%E8%BF%87%E7%A8%8B%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E8%AF%84%E4%BC%B0-Part%203" target="_blank">胃肠道症状与神经系统症状之间间隔时间太短)的不典型临床表现,进行了磁共振检查。MRI发现心形弥散异常,为双侧延髓锥体梗死的典型表现(下图1)。MRA显示左侧椎动脉闭塞,为单侧(左侧)起源的ASA。血管影像显示左侧椎动脉闭塞导致ASA缺血(下图2)。进一步分析患者的MRA,ASA起自于1个椎动脉(III型),这是正常血管的变异。





患者进行了气管切开和经皮胃造口置管,随后出院康复,3个月后仅轻微改善。

病例2:

43岁,女性。经历了一夜呼吸费力和运动乏力后出现急性上升型下肢感觉异常。前一晚患者聚会时过量饮酒,此时她开始感觉下肢刺痛感,同时走路困难。既往高血压、病态肥胖、糖尿病、抑郁、焦虑和偏头痛病史。2周前上呼吸道感染,长时间咳嗽和呼吸困难。每天一包香烟,共25年。每天饮酒,偶尔使用可卡因和大麻。

来院查体发现球麻痹,吞咽困难,舌突出居中。面纹对称。呼吸困难,听诊可闻及干啰音、哮鸣音。随后气管插管和机械通气。神经系统查体发现双侧Babinski阳性。送检叶酸、VitB12、HIV、乙肝丙肝、快速血浆反应素环状卡片试验(rapid plasma reagin)、抗中心粒白细胞抗体和抗核抗体皆正常。

腰穿检查,以排除GBS变异型。支气管镜灌洗液检测到G-性菌,开始抗生素治疗。核磁DWI显示心形延髓梗死(下图3)。



DSA显示双侧ASA未显影(下图4),A图为左侧椎动脉,B图为右侧椎动脉,箭头所示为ASA未显影:





唯一能够解释BMP梗死的临床特点为单侧起源ASA。入院第8天气管切开和经皮胃造口喂养,出院后长期康复治疗。

原始出处:Searcy S, Akinduro OO, Spector A, et al. Heart-Shaped Bilateral Medullary Pyramidal Infarction as a Pathognomonic Finding of Anterior Spinal Artery Occlusion. Neurocrit Care. 2018 Jun;28(3):388-394.

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    2019-03-06 linlin2312
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1976963, encodeId=3a7419e69634d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b9f11560065' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#ROC#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=69, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15600, encryptionId=b9f11560065, topicName=ROC)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d590125, createdName=linlin2312, createdTime=Wed Mar 06 01:32:00 CST 2019, time=2019-03-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1982629, encodeId=1ce6198262925, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5b1ae87683' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#GBS#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=72, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=7876, encryptionId=5b1ae87683, topicName=GBS)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=30bd35, createdName=一叶知秋, createdTime=Mon Feb 25 15:32:00 CST 2019, time=2019-02-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=338626, encodeId=0df6338626a1, content=昨天刚收到一例,以突发双侧上肢麻木10余小时,加重伴吐词不清1小时入院。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=138, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/09/19/8245f7f0c4f33b7a39f33fb5c2359f18.jpg, createdBy=2b492152844, createdName=Medulla1479, createdTime=Tue Aug 14 23:36:46 CST 2018, time=2018-08-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1465117, encodeId=bbd2146511eb8, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2dea8489010' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#脑梗#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=82, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=84890, encryptionId=2dea8489010, topicName=脑梗)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=ccf56689148, createdName=karmond, createdTime=Sat Aug 04 10:32:00 CST 2018, time=2018-08-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=336238, encodeId=feba33623888, content=医学道路困难匆匆, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=146, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTKibA62IFMeUJEmSyIe8DvYFeERuOsfrRd8iano7nENqQU1dRR3tqeQOUL3eqgYgEZRT2t2iaEsib0JEw/132, createdBy=66771693911, createdName=易水河, createdTime=Sat Aug 04 08:52:53 CST 2018, time=2018-08-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=335934, encodeId=cdf433593437, content=是需要尽快完善mri检查,明确病因后,做手术能改善预后吗, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=118, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d7e71713450, createdName=太阳系小猪, createdTime=Fri Aug 03 07:11:57 CST 2018, time=2018-08-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=335835, encodeId=f8f733583503, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=133, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=ba101609906, createdName=happsf, createdTime=Thu Aug 02 21:02:17 CST 2018, time=2018-08-02, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2019-02-25 一叶知秋
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    2018-08-14 Medulla1479

    昨天刚收到一例,以突发双侧上肢麻木10余小时,加重伴吐词不清1小时入院。

    0

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    2018-08-04 karmond
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1976963, encodeId=3a7419e69634d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b9f11560065' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#ROC#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=69, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15600, encryptionId=b9f11560065, topicName=ROC)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d590125, createdName=linlin2312, createdTime=Wed Mar 06 01:32:00 CST 2019, time=2019-03-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1982629, encodeId=1ce6198262925, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5b1ae87683' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#GBS#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=72, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=7876, encryptionId=5b1ae87683, topicName=GBS)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=30bd35, createdName=一叶知秋, createdTime=Mon Feb 25 15:32:00 CST 2019, time=2019-02-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=338626, encodeId=0df6338626a1, content=昨天刚收到一例,以突发双侧上肢麻木10余小时,加重伴吐词不清1小时入院。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=138, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/09/19/8245f7f0c4f33b7a39f33fb5c2359f18.jpg, createdBy=2b492152844, createdName=Medulla1479, createdTime=Tue Aug 14 23:36:46 CST 2018, time=2018-08-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1465117, encodeId=bbd2146511eb8, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2dea8489010' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#脑梗#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=82, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=84890, encryptionId=2dea8489010, topicName=脑梗)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=ccf56689148, createdName=karmond, createdTime=Sat Aug 04 10:32:00 CST 2018, time=2018-08-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=336238, encodeId=feba33623888, content=医学道路困难匆匆, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=146, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTKibA62IFMeUJEmSyIe8DvYFeERuOsfrRd8iano7nENqQU1dRR3tqeQOUL3eqgYgEZRT2t2iaEsib0JEw/132, createdBy=66771693911, createdName=易水河, createdTime=Sat Aug 04 08:52:53 CST 2018, time=2018-08-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=335934, encodeId=cdf433593437, content=是需要尽快完善mri检查,明确病因后,做手术能改善预后吗, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=118, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d7e71713450, createdName=太阳系小猪, createdTime=Fri Aug 03 07:11:57 CST 2018, time=2018-08-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=335835, encodeId=f8f733583503, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=133, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=ba101609906, createdName=happsf, createdTime=Thu Aug 02 21:02:17 CST 2018, time=2018-08-02, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-08-04 易水河

    医学道路困难匆匆

    0

  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1976963, encodeId=3a7419e69634d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b9f11560065' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#ROC#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=69, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15600, encryptionId=b9f11560065, topicName=ROC)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d590125, createdName=linlin2312, createdTime=Wed Mar 06 01:32:00 CST 2019, time=2019-03-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1982629, encodeId=1ce6198262925, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5b1ae87683' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#GBS#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=72, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=7876, encryptionId=5b1ae87683, topicName=GBS)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=30bd35, createdName=一叶知秋, createdTime=Mon Feb 25 15:32:00 CST 2019, time=2019-02-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=338626, encodeId=0df6338626a1, content=昨天刚收到一例,以突发双侧上肢麻木10余小时,加重伴吐词不清1小时入院。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=138, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/09/19/8245f7f0c4f33b7a39f33fb5c2359f18.jpg, createdBy=2b492152844, createdName=Medulla1479, createdTime=Tue Aug 14 23:36:46 CST 2018, time=2018-08-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1465117, encodeId=bbd2146511eb8, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2dea8489010' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#脑梗#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=82, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=84890, encryptionId=2dea8489010, topicName=脑梗)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=ccf56689148, createdName=karmond, createdTime=Sat Aug 04 10:32:00 CST 2018, time=2018-08-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=336238, encodeId=feba33623888, content=医学道路困难匆匆, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=146, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTKibA62IFMeUJEmSyIe8DvYFeERuOsfrRd8iano7nENqQU1dRR3tqeQOUL3eqgYgEZRT2t2iaEsib0JEw/132, createdBy=66771693911, createdName=易水河, createdTime=Sat Aug 04 08:52:53 CST 2018, time=2018-08-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=335934, encodeId=cdf433593437, content=是需要尽快完善mri检查,明确病因后,做手术能改善预后吗, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=118, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d7e71713450, createdName=太阳系小猪, createdTime=Fri Aug 03 07:11:57 CST 2018, time=2018-08-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=335835, encodeId=f8f733583503, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=133, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=ba101609906, createdName=happsf, createdTime=Thu Aug 02 21:02:17 CST 2018, time=2018-08-02, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-08-03 太阳系小猪

    是需要尽快完善mri检查,明确病因后,做手术能改善预后吗

    0

  7. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1976963, encodeId=3a7419e69634d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b9f11560065' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#ROC#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=69, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15600, encryptionId=b9f11560065, topicName=ROC)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d590125, createdName=linlin2312, createdTime=Wed Mar 06 01:32:00 CST 2019, time=2019-03-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1982629, encodeId=1ce6198262925, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5b1ae87683' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#GBS#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=72, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=7876, encryptionId=5b1ae87683, topicName=GBS)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=30bd35, createdName=一叶知秋, createdTime=Mon Feb 25 15:32:00 CST 2019, time=2019-02-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=338626, encodeId=0df6338626a1, content=昨天刚收到一例,以突发双侧上肢麻木10余小时,加重伴吐词不清1小时入院。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=138, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/09/19/8245f7f0c4f33b7a39f33fb5c2359f18.jpg, createdBy=2b492152844, createdName=Medulla1479, createdTime=Tue Aug 14 23:36:46 CST 2018, time=2018-08-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1465117, encodeId=bbd2146511eb8, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2dea8489010' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#脑梗#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=82, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=84890, encryptionId=2dea8489010, topicName=脑梗)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=ccf56689148, createdName=karmond, createdTime=Sat Aug 04 10:32:00 CST 2018, time=2018-08-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=336238, encodeId=feba33623888, content=医学道路困难匆匆, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=146, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTKibA62IFMeUJEmSyIe8DvYFeERuOsfrRd8iano7nENqQU1dRR3tqeQOUL3eqgYgEZRT2t2iaEsib0JEw/132, createdBy=66771693911, createdName=易水河, createdTime=Sat Aug 04 08:52:53 CST 2018, time=2018-08-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=335934, encodeId=cdf433593437, content=是需要尽快完善mri检查,明确病因后,做手术能改善预后吗, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=118, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d7e71713450, createdName=太阳系小猪, createdTime=Fri Aug 03 07:11:57 CST 2018, time=2018-08-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=335835, encodeId=f8f733583503, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=133, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=ba101609906, createdName=happsf, createdTime=Thu Aug 02 21:02:17 CST 2018, time=2018-08-02, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-08-02 happsf

    学习

    0

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