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HBP:脑卒中基底节损害运动障碍患者远端脑区白质变性

2021-07-19 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

基底神经节的局部破坏可能影响到大脑的远端区域。确定了WM变性影响病灶远端脑区的模式,揭示了脑卒中患者结构网络的异常组织,这可能有助于理解偏瘫的神经机制。

局灶性脑损伤会影响脑网络的整体性能。在过去的几十年中,许多使用磁共振成像(MRI)的神经成像研究已经调查了中风后的结构和功能重组。弥散张量成像(DTI)是评价脑白质结构完整性的常用方法。以往对中风患者的DTI研究计算了沿受损和对侧大脑半球皮质脊髓束(CST)不同区域的几个扩散张量(DT)指标(如部分各向异性[FA]、平均扩散率、径向扩散率),或计算CST完整性。这些影像学指标随后与功能结果相关,进一步确定其作为预测指标的价值。特定纤维束的变化与功能结果之间存在一定的相关性,如失语症、忽视和瘫痪。一项研究测量了5名偏瘫患者大脑48个不同WM束区域的FA和轴向扩散率(AD)。他们发现,病变累及放射冠(CR)和大脑中动脉的患者,其病灶周围FA普遍减少,并描述了病灶周围和远端FA和AD的纵向变化,这些变化与亚急性卒中后肘关节屈曲的运动学参数有关。中风后FA的整体降低可能反映了下行通道的广泛Wallerian变性(WD)。另一项研究调查了在急性和慢性中风期表现出空间忽视的患者病变备用网络结构的整体改变。除了顺行和逆行的轴突变性外,结构网络的改变可以代表与病变没有直接联系的纤维的远端重塑,即跨神经元变性。此外,研究结果表明,持续性缺陷后可能会出现纵向WM变化,也可能是跨神经元变化。

Yijing Guo等利用10例因基底节损伤而出现运动障碍的缺血性卒中患者和11例健康对照者的DTI数据,进一步研究了全脑结构变化。研究结果发表在HUMAN BRAIN MAPPING杂志。

脑卒中患者病变发生率图。脑卒中病灶投射到左半球,并在MNI标准空间内覆盖到T1模板上。彩色条表示相应体素中脑卒中病变患者的数量。脑图像上方的数字是标记横截面MNI坐标的Z值

对DTI数据进行处理,得到部分各向异性(FA)图,并基于FA图进行多元模式分析,探索在分类中起重要作用的脑区。采用确定性纤维跟踪方法构造了WM结构网络。与对照组相比,脑卒中患者的病灶周围基底节、脑干和双侧额叶FA减少。使用基于网络的统计发现脑卒中患者的WM子网络显著减少。

多元模式分析(MVPA)分类结果。应用弥散张量成像(DTI)数据的分数各向异性(FA)图对脑卒中患者和对照组进行分类图(a)和受试者工作特性(ROC)曲线(b)的比较,其准确性为100%(敏感性为100%,特异性为100%),统计学意义为P<.005

全脑体素权重图。它显示了基于分数各向异性(FA)值的白质区域有助于组间的区分。彩色条表示体素的权重向量值。

通过网络统计(NBS)分析确定的子网。(a,b)与对照组相比,脑卒中患者的子网络连接减少。在脑模型(a)和圆(b)中所示的子网络的连接。

除了众所周知的病变-症状映射概念外,一些位于大脑单个位置的病变可能会扰乱大脑功能,并将其传递到广泛的神经网络。该研究证实了基底神经节的局部破坏可能影响到大脑的远端区域。确定了WM变性影响病灶远端脑区的模式,揭示了脑卒中患者结构网络的异常组织,这可能有助于理解偏瘫的神经机制。

原文出处

White matter degeneration in remote brain areas of stroke patients with motor impairment due to basal ganglia lesions. https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.25583

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    2021-07-21 huangdf
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    2021-07-19 健健

    卒中虽然是临床上常见病,溶栓,取栓等血管内治疗也很成熟,但是仍然有很多未知问题有待认知!

    0

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最近,研究人员得出了解剖学上的中风病变的低维表征,并设计了一个贝叶斯层次模型框架,专门用于估计与急性中风严重程度有关的病变模式的可能性别差异。

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