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Dig Dis Sci:住院 IBD 患者身体虚弱与再入院率和死亡率的关系

2021-12-24 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

克罗恩病:一种消化道的慢性、反复发作和非特异性的透壁性炎症, 病变呈节段性分布, 可累及消化道任何部位,其中以末端回肠最为常见,结肠和肛门病变也较多。本病还可伴有皮肤、眼部及关节等部位的肠外表现。

克罗恩病 (CD) 和溃疡性结肠炎 (UC) 是免疫介导的肠道疾病,它们共同构成炎症性肠病 (IBD)。随着时间的推移,IBD 的患病率持续增加,目前估计已占美国人口的 0.25-0.5%。总体而言,鉴于多药使用率较高、合并症数量增加以及对药物安全性的担忧,管理患有 IBD 的老年患者是一项独特的挑战。尽管数据表明早期使用免疫抑制治疗可改善中度至重度疾病患者的预后,但出于安全考虑,对老年患者使用生物制剂是有限制的。由于小型研究表明生物治疗可能与老年 IBD 患者的死亡和严重感染风险增加有关,因此,患有 IBD 的老年患者经常接受不充分的治疗。因此,临床上必须为 IBD 患者设计一种改进的风险分层工具,除年龄外,可用于指导 IBD 人群中的治疗选择,这一点至关重要。

 

最近,数据表明不良结局,尤其是老年患者,可能是由虚弱而非实足年龄造成的。虚弱被定义为生理机能储备的丧失,已被证明与等待肝移植的肝硬化等慢性病患者、慢性阻塞性肺病患者以及艾滋病患者的不良结局相关,与实际年龄无关。在 IBD 患者中,最近也显示虚弱是使用免疫抑制后感染的独立预测因素,并且与再入院和死亡率相关,与年龄和合并症无关。因此,本研究的主要目的是使用约翰霍普金斯调整后的临床组虚弱指标来评估IBD患者的虚弱随时间推移的患病率,并评估虚弱作为住院 IBD 患者群体中再入院和再入院死亡率的独立预测因素。

研究人员使用全国再入院数据库检查了全美2010年至2014年住院的所有 IBD 患者的临床数据。根据入院指数,研究人员使用先前验证过的 ICD 代码定义了 IBD 和虚弱的诊断。最后使用单变量和多变量回归来评估与全因 30 天再入院和 30 天再入院死亡率相关的风险因素。

 

研究结果显示从 2010 年到 2014 年,总共确定了1405529例 IBD 入院数据,其中 152974 例(10.9%)被归类为虚弱IBD患者。在此期间,虚弱的患病率每年从 2010 年的 10.20% (27,594) 增加到 2014 年的 11.45% (33,507)。在多变量分析中,虚弱是再入院的独立预测因素(aRR 1.16,95% CI:1.14–1.17),以及调整相关临床因素后的再入院死亡率(aRR 1.12,95% CI 1.02–1.23)。在根据 IBD 亚型、入院特征(手术与非手术)、年龄(患者≥60 岁)以及排除营养不良、体重减轻和大便失禁作为虚弱指标进行分层后,虚弱也仍然与再入院相关。相反,研究人员发现年龄越大再入院的风险越低。

 

本项研究证实与年龄、合并症和入院严重程度无关的虚弱与 IBD 患者再入院和死亡的风险较高有关,并且患病率正在增加。鉴于虚弱是一个潜在的可改变的风险因素,未来的研究需要前瞻性地评估 IBD 患者群体中的虚弱的患病率。

原始出处:

Adam S. Faye. Et al. Increasing Prevalence of Frailty and Its Association with Readmission and Mortality Among Hospitalized Patients with IBD. Digestive Diseases and Sciences.2021.

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    2021-12-23 bnurmamat
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