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Nat Commun:新型免疫疗法“高效”治疗乙型肝炎

2021-06-09 Viho MedSci原创

英国伦敦大学的科学家们已经确定了一种新的免疫疗法来对抗乙型肝炎病毒(HBV),这项开创性的研究使用了直接从病人肝脏和肿瘤组织中分离出来的免疫细胞。

乙肝是肝癌最常见的原因,每年,在全球范围内,慢性HBV导致约88万人死于肝硬化和肝细胞癌/肝癌(HCC)。而肝癌是导致癌症相关死亡的第三大最常见原因;因此,迫切需要更有效的治疗。

英国伦敦大学的科学家们已经确定了一种新的免疫疗法来对抗乙型肝炎病毒(HBV),这项开创性的研究使用了直接从病人肝脏和肿瘤组织中分离出来的免疫细胞,以显示针对酰基-CoA:胆固醇酰基转移酶(ACAT),一种帮助管理细胞中胆固醇水平的酶*,对提高免疫反应非常有效。

发表在Nature Communications上的研究结果显示,用ACAT抑制剂阻断ACAT的活性能促进特定的免疫细胞对抗病毒和相关的癌症肿瘤,显示出其作为一种免疫疗法的有效性。抑制ACAT还被发现能阻碍HBV自身的复制,从而也起到了直接抗病毒的作用。口服ACAT抑制剂之前已被证明作为人类的降胆固醇药物具有良好的耐受性。

"开发新的治疗方案对于改善病人护理至关重要。T细胞等免疫细胞对于对抗病毒和肿瘤是不可或缺的,能够特异性地识别和消除病毒感染或转化的肝细胞;持续的T细胞免疫监测对于控制残留的、不能被抗病毒药物消除的表没体和整合的HBVdna的转录以及限制肿瘤的发生和发展至关重要。目前的标准治疗方法往往不能消除病毒,不能防止癌症发展,也不能拯救免疫细胞。

胆固醇是人体每天在饮食中摄入的一种脂质(脂肪),它可以在身体的不同细胞内发挥多种功能。HBV感染肝脏,这是一个高度富含胆固醇的器官,并以限制局部免疫反应而闻名。

这项研究中,研究人员利用体外的人类肝脏疾病组织样本, ACAT抑制剂提高了人类抗病毒T细胞的能力,能够消除病毒。这种反应与目前可用的治疗方法形成鲜明对比。在HBV感染的肝脏和肝癌内发现的T细胞中,免疫增强效果尤为突出,克服了免疫细胞功能的局部限制,使T细胞能够同时针对病毒和癌细胞。

ACAT抑制增强外周和肝内乙肝病毒特异性CD8+T细胞

随后,Maini小组与牛津大学Jane McKeating教授的实验室合作,证明ACAT抑制剂也能以其他抗病毒药物无法做到的方式阻断HBV的生命周期。因此,这些药物具有独特的抗病毒和免疫治疗效果的组合。说明已经找到了治疗慢性乙型肝炎病毒感染和肝癌的一个高效的新目标。

用ACAT抑制剂调节胆固醇代谢,具有直接针对病毒和肿瘤的独特功能,同时又能增强对抗它们的T细胞。这让我们能够同时从多个方向处理这种疾病"。

现在人们已经知道这种胆固醇调节药物在人体中是安全的,希望这些研究现在能够为胆固醇调节与其他免疫疗法相结合的临床试验的发展提供参考。总之,这些发现为治疗慢性病毒感染和癌症患者提供了令人兴奋的新可能性。

ACAT在体外调节HBV颗粒的生成,抑制剂可以减少病毒和亚病毒颗粒。ACAT的抑制提供了一个代谢检查点的范例,它能够制约肿瘤和病毒,也能拯救衰竭的T细胞,使其成为HBVHBV相关HCC功能性治愈的一个有吸引力的治疗目标。

文章出处:Nathalie M. Schmidt, Peter A. C. Wing, Mariana O. Diniz, Laura J. Pallett, Leo Swadling, James M. Harris, Alice R. Burton, Anna Jeffery-Smith, Nekisa Zakeri, Oliver E. Amin, Stephanie Kucykowicz, Mirjam H. Heemskerk, Brian Davidson, Tim Meyer, Joe Grove, Hans J. Stauss, Ines Pineda-Torra, Clare Jolly, Elizabeth C. Jury, Jane A. McKeating, Mala K. Maini. Targeting human Acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase as a dual viral and T cell metabolic checkpointNature Communications, 2021; 12 (1) DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22967-7

 

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    2022-05-07 liuli5079
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    2021-10-26 jiazhoudexue

    估计五年之内乙肝的治疗就像感冒那么简单

    0

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    2022-03-15 liye789132251
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    2021-06-12 zt123

    学习了一下

    0

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J Hepatology:中科院胡荣贵团队揭示为什么大多数人感染乙肝病毒后会自行痊愈

乙型肝炎病毒感染是一个重要的全球性健康问题,是导致肝炎的主要原因之一。目前世界上乙型肝炎病毒的慢性感染病例数为3.5到4亿,75%的被感染者是亚洲人。中国HBV感染相关的肝病和肝癌极为常见,每年造成4

Dig Dis Sci:慢性乙型肝炎患者晚期肝纤维化与坏死性炎症相关与肝脂肪变性无关

慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)是一个全球性的健康问题,全球约有2.5亿人受到影响,患有CHB的人会发生各种不良后果,例如肝失代偿,肝硬化和肝细胞癌(HCC)。

拓展阅读

最新Nature系列综述:靶向肿瘤血管疗法

综述靶向肿瘤血管方法,包括多种抗血管生成策略及与免疫的关系,为癌症治疗提供新思路,强调血管在肿瘤中的关键作用及未来研究方向。

赵海涛教授组稿|张楠:胆道系统肿瘤免疫治疗进展

本期「专家组稿」由北京协和医院赵海涛教授担任执行主编,与北京协和医院张楠博士共同分享《胆道系统肿瘤免疫治疗进展》,为医者和患者提供更多参考。

现有PD-1抗体药组织渗透性差、成本高且脱靶,口服小分子免疫药物来了!

介绍免疫检查点抑制剂改变癌症治疗,分析大分子抗体药物不足,阐述小分子免疫检查点抑制剂优势及机制,为癌症治疗提供新方向。

【Biomark Res】NK细胞在复发难治非霍奇金淋巴瘤中大有可为

非霍奇金淋巴瘤治疗有挑战,NK 细胞治疗策略受关注,介绍其功能、缺陷及在 NHL 中的免疫治疗思路与临床试验,前景可期。

ADC的联合治疗之路

介绍 ADC 药物的组成及作用,阐述其与化疗、靶向药物、免疫疗法等联合应用的情况,包括机制、效果、毒性及耐药等,指出未来联合疗法前景光明。

Nature:粪菌移植:突破癌症免疫疗法瓶颈的新曙光

粪便微生物移植在癌症治疗中展现潜力,能改善免疫疗法响应,但面临供体、筛选等挑战,研究正探索标准化和替代方法,前景广阔。

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