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Menopause:激素与抗抑郁药物联合可缓解抑郁症状

2014-10-09 shchjcuky 丁香园

15%-50%的女性有围绝经期抑郁症状,15%-30%围绝经期女性的抑郁症状严重到足以被认为是抑郁症。由于性激素水平波动被认为与这些症状有关,临床医生常常通过激素治疗来缓解女性更年期症状,但其对情绪的影响还不太明确。 近日,芬兰国家卫生和福利研究院Toffol E等回顾了不同类型的激素疗法对围绝经期和绝经后期女性情绪的影响,并将研究成果发表在Menopause杂志上。 围绝经期女性

15%-50%的女性有围绝经期抑郁症状,15%-30%围绝经期女性的抑郁症状严重到足以被认为是抑郁症。由于性激素水平波动被认为与这些症状有关,临床医生常常通过激素治疗来缓解女性更年期症状,但其对情绪的影响还不太明确。

近日,芬兰国家卫生和福利研究院Toffol E等回顾了不同类型的激素疗法对围绝经期和绝经后期女性情绪的影响,并将研究成果发表在Menopause杂志上。

围绝经期女性的抑郁症状比绝经前女性高三倍。事实上,许多前瞻性研究调查了激素治疗对心理、躯体症状和生活质量的影响。激素治疗确实可以缓解围绝经期和绝经后期潮热等症状,显著改善女性心情。然而,一些研究发现,无论是否存在更年期潮热或其他症状,,围绝经期女性产生抑郁情绪的风险更高。

激素(特别是雌激素)的波动是围绝经期和绝经后抑郁症状的一个独立因子。如果激素治疗改善抑郁情绪的机理是直观的 ,那么激素治疗本身是否有抗抑郁效果或可以提高围绝经期其他抗抑郁药物的效果。

事实上,激素治疗对精神状态的影响取决于很多因素,如雌激素治疗(ET)或雌孕激素治疗(EPT)、给药途径(口服或经皮肤)、目标人群。研究表明,ET或EPT(单独使用或与抗抑郁药物联合使用)都可以有效抗抑郁。但是,对于绝径后女性而言,可能是由于大脑对雌激素敏感性的降低,ET不能有效抗抑郁。因此,激素与抗抑郁药的联合似乎更能有效控制抑郁症状和更年期疾病。

然而,激素的不恰当使用可能会导致子宫内膜的持续增生,甚至增加癌变的风险。因此,在选择治疗药物时,临床医生也应考虑激素可能引起的并发症。

ET和情绪

大量的研究集中在围绝经期和绝经后女性情绪的影响上。一项双盲、安慰剂对照交叉研究发现,与对照组相比,有症状的女性在接受ET后未发现有明显的健康症状。然而,ET在严重抑郁症及绝经后期的疗效还未阐明。

在有关围绝经期和绝经后不同严重程度抑郁症状(心境恶劣、轻微抑郁、重度抑郁)的研究中,Cohen对围绝经期女性进行了为期4周的经皮雌二醇治疗。有趣的是,在这项研究中,围绝经期和绝经后女性没有血管舒缩性症状的存在或不同程度改善血管舒缩性症状等。这表明血管舒缩性症状以外的机制可能导致了一些围绝经期和绝经后女性的抑郁情绪。

女性雌激素水平及敏感性在绝经期可能会加剧,但在绝经后期则会降低。而围绝经期女性更容易受激素波动影响而患抑郁症状。因此,围绝经期是激素治疗的最好时期。

EPT和情绪

单独雌激素治疗会增加子宫内膜增生及癌症的风险。因此,雌孕激素必需联合使用。然而,添加孕激素可能对女性情绪和心理状态有特定的影响。

在Kirkham和Gambacciani的一项前瞻性、随机、双盲、交叉研究中,研究人没有发现EPT的负面影响,抑郁及焦虑症状在治疗6-12周内大大降低,12周时最为显著。

然而,大部分的文献表明,EPT中的孕激素也许会引起一系列负面影响,包括情绪波动和焦虑症状。一项专注于激素治疗对情绪影响的荟萃分析表明,围绝经期和绝经后女性抑郁症状的减轻通常是减少孕激素的添加而来的。

其他研究显示,孕激素甚至可导致正常女性心理抑郁。心情不佳变化与孕酮相关联。有研究发现,23名46-70岁的健康意大利绝经后女性,在长期使用EPT后,产生了更多的消极情绪。

抗抑郁药与情绪

ET可能是治疗围绝经期抑郁症状的最佳选择,而对绝经后女性的治疗效果则并不一致。在一个开放性临床试验中,87%的围绝经期和绝经后女性抑郁症的缓解是在抗抑郁药单独治疗12周后。

雌激素可增强5 -羟色胺作用,缓解更年期症状,提高生活质量。在围绝经期和绝经后的治疗中,抗抑郁药联合激素治疗可能对治疗女性抑郁症状/障碍是有价值的。虽然,围绝经期和绝经后女性对单独激素治疗没有反应,但是激素与抗抑郁药(如氯氮平)联合使用能显著改善情绪,提高缓解率(88%)。

原始出处:

Toffol E1, Heikinheimo O, Partonen T.Hormone therapy and mood in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women: a narrative review.Menopause. 2014 Sep 8. [Epub ahead of print]

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    2014-11-16 wetgdt
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    2015-06-05 ljjj1053

    好好学习学习

    0

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