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儿童缺铁性贫血的发病率仍在上升,原因竟与营养过剩有关?!

2021-11-14 “西安交大二附院”公众号 “西安交大二附院”公众号

儿童贫血中最常见的是缺铁性贫血,在过去小孩缺铁性贫血大多数都是因为营养不良导致铁摄入不足引起。但是近年来,儿童缺铁性贫血的发病率仍在上升,调查发现上升原因竟与营养过剩有关!

儿童贫血中最常见的是缺铁性贫血,在过去小孩缺铁性贫血大多数都是因为营养不良导致铁摄入不足引起。但是近年来,儿童缺铁性贫血的发病率仍在上升,调查发现上升原因竟与营养过剩有关!

营养过剩为何会引起贫血?

随着生活水平的提高,小孩的零食摄入较多,喜好甜食、肯德基、汉堡、奶茶等饮食,而这些饮食的过多摄入会引起儿童肥胖症。肥胖的孩子经常偏食、挑食导致饮食结构不合理、胃肠道紊乱,容易出现铁摄入不足及影响铁吸收,因此导致容易出现缺铁性贫血。

常见的症状有:皮肤黏膜苍白,毛发干燥,口角炎,食欲下降,严重者可出现注意力不集中,说话及智力发育迟缓,免疫力下降等。

缺铁性贫血该怎么防治?

01

饮食

★ 对于婴儿提倡母乳喂养,6个月左右应及时添加含铁辅食,如:动物内脏(肝脏、肾脏)、香菇、蘑菇、绿叶蔬菜等,不能母乳喂养的婴儿,应采用铁强化配方乳,及时添加含铁辅食;

★ 对于儿童应均衡营养,纠正偏食、挑食等不良饮食行为,鼓励进食蔬菜水果等,促进肠道铁的吸收。

02

铁剂治疗

★ 应采用亚铁制剂口服,市面上有多种亚铁制剂可供选择,根据需要选择,应按元素铁补铁,每日补充元素铁2-6mg/kg;

★ 服药时最好在两餐之间,减少胃粘膜的刺激,避免与大量牛奶、蛋黄一起吃,会影响铁的吸收;

★ 服用铁剂同时加用维生素C或富含维生素C蔬菜水果,可促进铁的吸收;

★ 铁剂治疗一般需应用到红细胞及血红蛋白正常后至少6-8周,总疗程约2-3月,因为缺铁性贫血不止是血红蛋白减少,储存铁也用尽,因此治疗需存储足够的铁,以备后用。但补铁也不能过量,会出现铁中毒;

★ 服用铁剂期间因铁与大肠内硫化氢反应成硫化铁,出现大便颜色变黑,不必紧张,停用铁剂后会恢复正常。

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    2022-12-29 ms5000001043947570 来自河北省

    学习了

    0

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    2022-01-15 覃医生

    学习了

    0

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    2021-11-14 医鸣惊人

    认真学习了。

    0

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