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JNNP:多发性硬化症患者对SARS-CoV-2 mRNA疫苗的体液免疫

2021-10-25 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

虽然多发性硬化症(pwMS)患者本身不会增加SARS-CoV-2感染或严重CoV-19疾病的风险,但是i因为存在共病、较高年龄、MS相关残疾、和某些疾病改良疗法(DMT)持续治疗的情况下,感染风险会升

虽然多发性硬化症(pwMS)患者本身不会增加SARS-CoV-2感染或严重CoV-19疾病的风险,但是i因为存在共病、较高年龄、MS相关残疾、和某些疾病改良疗法(DMT)持续治疗的情况下,感染风险会升高。早期开始高效DMT治疗似乎是减少pwMS长期残疾的唯一最重要因素。然而,DMT可能与感染风险增加相关。

专家建议所有PWM都应接种新冠病毒疫苗。有证据表明,在接受芬戈利莫德和利妥昔单抗治疗的患者中,接种新冠病毒-19 mRNA疫苗后,体液免疫功能降低。需要更好地了解疫苗接受DMT治疗的患者的反应。本文的目的是报告一项全国性研究的首次结果,该研究旨在评估pwMS接种新冠病毒-19疫苗后的免疫发展。此外还报告了两例接受经芬戈利莫德和利妥昔单抗治疗的pwMS再接种事件,他们在前两次注射mRNA疫苗后没有抗体反应。本文发表在《神经病学,神经外科学和精神病学杂志》上()。

该实验在挪威进行。多发性硬化症(pwMS)患者被邀请通过国家MS注册中心和生物银行、社交媒体和网页广告参与这项研究。纳入标准为MS诊断、签署同意书和完成的新冠病毒-19疫苗接种。健康受试者是从完全接种疫苗的卫生工作者和献血者中招募的。在所有纳入的患者完全接种疫苗3-12周后,使用基于流式细胞术检测SARS-CoV-2全长Spike(HexaPro)抗体和受体结合域(RBD)。免疫后IgG滴度用作保护相关性,当IgG<70个任意单位(AU)时,免疫力降低,对应于低于99%健康接种受试者的水平。IgG水平<5 ,AU被定义为无抗体反应,而介于5和70 AU之间的IgG水平被定义为弱抗体反应。根据世卫组织国际标准进行的校准表明,70 AU相当于每毫升约40个结合抗体单位(BAU/mL)。

人口统计学、疾病特异性和治疗特异性变量通过数字问卷获得。有关新冠病毒-19疫苗的信息摘自挪威免疫登记处。连续变量和分类变量分别采用Mann-Whitney和Fisher精确检验进行比较。p值小于0.05被认为具有统计学意义。相关性由Spearman p。使用Cox比例风险模型评估风险比率。使用SPSS V.26进行统计分析。

健康个体和多发性硬化患者的新冠病毒-19疫苗应答

大多数患者接受BNT162b2疫苗(81%为第一剂,86%为第二剂),其次是mRNA-1273(14%和14%)和ChAdOx1-S(5%和0%)疫苗。在10名(2%)新冠病毒感染后-19疾病患者中,仅给予一剂。两次接种之间的平均时间为36天(95%可信区间35至38天),不同DMT之间没有差异。最常见的DMT是利妥昔单抗(38%),其次是克拉屈滨(16%)、芬戈利莫德(13%)、纳他利单抗(8%)和阿来单抗(7%)。其他DMT包括富马酸二甲酯(6%)、特氟米特(5%)、干扰素(3%)、醋酸格拉替拉末(3%)和奥克列珠单抗(1%)。

使用芬戈利莫德(61名患者中的82%,54%无抗体反应)和利妥昔单抗(183名患者中的80%,48%无抗体反应)治疗的pwMS患者体液免疫降低,而使用其他DMT治疗的患者与健康受试者和未经治疗的pwMS患者的体液免疫降低率相似。发现两名接受芬戈利莫德和利妥昔单抗治疗的患者没有抗体反应(尽管完成了疫苗接种),他们接受了额外的免疫接种(分别在完全疫苗接种后1个月和3个月)。在这两个病例中,在额外的疫苗剂量后观察到抗体水平增加。此外,发现三名患者(两名服用利妥昔单抗,一名服用芬戈利莫德)在新冠病毒-19后没有抗体反应。这三名患者在单次接种疫苗后4、5和6周,分别观察到抗体水平>70 AU。

接受新冠病毒-19疫苗接种的多发性硬化症患者和健康受试者的临床和人口统计学变量

研究结果表明,大多数患者的体液免疫反应正常,包括接受克拉屈滨、阿来单抗和纳他利单抗治疗的患者,以及未经治疗的MS患者。抗CD20单克隆抗体(利妥昔单抗和奥列利珠单抗)和鞘氨醇-1-磷酸受体(S1PR)(芬戈利莫德)治疗与体液反应减弱有关。但本文的结果是基于有限随访的观察数据,血清学样本的数量还不足以全面描述整个MS人群中的疫苗反应。

总之,使用芬戈利莫德或利妥昔单抗治疗的患者应了解体液免疫降低的风险,并且利妥昔单抗患者的疫苗接种时间应谨慎考虑。结果表明需要对疫苗反应的持久性、细胞免疫的作用和重新接种进行研究。

König MLorentzen ÅRTorgauten HM, et al Humoral immunity to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination in multiple sclerosis: the relevance of time since last rituximab infusion and first experience from sporadic revaccinations

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    2021-11-10 hukaixun
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    2022-02-28 jml2009
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1947433, encodeId=8655194e433ec, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=88d81556543' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#RNA疫苗#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=97, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15565, encryptionId=88d81556543, topicName=RNA疫苗)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=ce072500140, createdName=12498b3em08(暂无昵称), createdTime=Sat Jan 08 07:26:20 CST 2022, time=2022-01-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1938055, encodeId=572f193805537, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=02de15902d3' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SARS-CoV#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=71, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15902, encryptionId=02de15902d3, topicName=SARS-CoV)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=6ab940, createdName=hukaixun, createdTime=Wed Nov 10 18:26:20 CST 2021, time=2021-11-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1983200, encodeId=42a01983200a3, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a7a7e359478' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#硬化症#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=62, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=73594, encryptionId=a7a7e359478, topicName=硬化症)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a691420, createdName=30397604, createdTime=Thu Jun 02 09:26:20 CST 2022, time=2022-06-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1890314, encodeId=f1371890314cc, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=760c430895a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#多发性#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=43089, encryptionId=760c430895a, topicName=多发性)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=04d6114, createdName=jml2009, createdTime=Mon Feb 28 15:26:20 CST 2022, time=2022-02-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1321323, encodeId=748d1321323db, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ac0d159007f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SARS#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=59, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15900, encryptionId=ac0d159007f, topicName=SARS)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8306486, createdName=小刀医生, createdTime=Tue Oct 26 14:26:20 CST 2021, time=2021-10-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1063719, encodeId=7a941063e19f9, content=学习了。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=100, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=ff062015366, createdName=沉迷学习, createdTime=Mon Oct 25 11:24:50 CST 2021, time=2021-10-25, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-10-26 小刀医生
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    2021-10-25 沉迷学习

    学习了。

    0

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