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Annals of Neurology:帕金森患深部脑刺激者,葡萄糖代谢障碍,是否影响认知功能

2022-02-14 Freeman MedSci原创

GBA突变和STN-DBS的综合效应对认知有负面影响。

帕金森病(PD)在美国至少影响了100万人,1每年约有9000名PD患者选择将深部脑刺激器(DBS)植入丘脑下核(STN)。

携带葡萄糖脑苷脂酶(GBA)基因(PD-GBA)突变的PD患者尤其值得关注,因为他们的认知障碍风险增加。PD-GBA受试者的葡萄糖脑苷脂酶(GCase)活性降低,导致鞘磷脂代谢紊乱,与非突变携带者相比,路易体病变的积累和扩散更快。

PD-GBA与疾病的早期发病有关,因此这些人可能更倾向于追求DBS。接受DBS的PD受试者中高达17%携带GBA变体。这比一般PD人群的频率要高,因为选择DBS的人往往更年轻,有明确的左旋多巴反应,并且有麻烦的临床特征,符合DBS的要求,如运动障碍和运动波动。 重要的是,STN-DBS本身会损害认知能力,对语言流畅性、行动的执行控制和抑制性控制有负面影响。


鉴于STN的解剖结构紧凑,有可能出现意外的电流扩散到邻近的联想和边缘亚区、邻近的纤维束或其他邻近的核团,如黑质。 此外,最近的一项试点研究发现,PDGBA与非GBA受试者的β功率存在差异,表明基因型可能与特定的神经生理学变化有关。这些生理学变化是否是DBS异质性结果的原因,还有待探讨。

藉此,Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School的Gian Pal等人,探究了GBA和STN-DBS对全局认知的综合影响。他们探究了4组患者的认知的纵向变化。并研究了4组患者认知的纵向变化:有无DBS的GBA携带者(GBA+DBS+,GBA+DBS-),有无DBS的非携带者(GBA-DBS+,GBA-DBS-)。他们假设,与其他组相比,GBA+DBS+对象的认知下降速度最快。

他们利用了12个数据集的临床和遗传数据。使用Mattis痴呆评分表(MDRS)评估全球认知能力。对受试者进行GBA突变检查,并将其分为有或无DBS的GBA携带者(GBA+DBS+,GBA+DBS-),以及有或无DBS的非携带者(GBA-DBS+,GBA-DBS-)。GBA突变携带者根据突变严重程度(风险变异、轻度、重度)进行了分类。根据GBA和DBS状态,然后根据GBA严重程度和DBS状态,用线性混合模型比较各组中MDRS评分随时间的变化率。

366名受试者(58名GBA+DBS+,82名GBA+DBS-,98名GBA-DBS+,128名GBA-DBS-受试者)的数据是可用的,他们被纵向追踪(范围=术后36-60个月)。使用MDRS,GBA+DBS+受试者比GBA-DBS-受试者平均下降2.02分/年(95%置信区间[CI]=-2.35至-1.69),比GBA+DBS-受试者多1.71分/年(95%CI=-2.14至-1.28),比GBA-DBS+受试者多1.49分/年(95%CI=-1.80至1.18)。

该研究的重要意义在于发现了:GBA突变和STN-DBS的综合效应对认知有负面影响。对待进行DBS进行GBA突变筛查,作为手术前决策过程的一部分。


原文出处:
Pal G, Mangone G, Hill EJ, et al. Parkinson Disease and Subthalamic Nucleus Deep Brain Stimulation: Cognitive Effects in  GBA Mutation Carriers. Annals of Neurology. Published online January 25, 2022:ana.26302. doi:10.1002/ana.26302

 

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    2022-08-12 yinhl1978
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